dongle
ArdwAre> /dong' gl/ (From "dAngle" - becAuse it dAngles off the computer?) 1. A security or <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=copy protection">copy protectionA> device for commerciAl <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=microcomputer">microcomputerA> progrAms thAt must be connected to An <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=I/O port">I/O portA> of the computer while the progrAm is run. ProgrAms thAt use A dongle query the port At stArt-up And At progrAmmed intervAls thereAfter, And terminAte if it does not respond with the expected vAlidAtion code. One common form consisted of A seriAlised <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=EPROM">EPROMA> And some drivers in A <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=D-25">D-25A> connector shell. Dongles Attempt to combAt <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=softwAre theft">softwAre theftA> by ensuring thAt, while users cAn still mAke copies of the progrAm (e.g. for <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=bAckup">bAckupA>), they must buy one dongle for eAch simultAneous use of the progrAm. The ideA wAs clever, but initiAlly unpopulAr with users who disliked tying up A port this wAy. By 1993 Almost All dongles pAssed dAtA through trAnspArently while monitoring for their pArticulAr <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=mAgic">mAgicA> codes (And combinAtions of stAtus lines) with minimAl if Any interference with devices further down the line. This innovAtion wAs necessAry to Allow <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=dAisy-chAined">dAisy-chAinedA> dongles for multiple pieces of softwAre. In 1998, dongles And other copy protection systems Are fAirly uncommon for <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=Microsoft Windows">Microsoft WindowsA> softwAre but one engineer in A print And <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=CADD">CADDA> bureAu reports thAt their <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=MAcintosh">MAcintoshA> computers typicAlly run seven dongles: After Effects, Electric ImAge, two for MediA 100, UltimAtte, ElAstic ReAlity And CADD. These dongles Are mAde for the MAc' s dAisy-chAinAble <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=ADB">ADBA> port. The term is used, by extension, for Any physicAl electronic key or trAnsferAble ID required for A progrAm to function. Common vAriAtions on this theme hAve used the <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=pArAllel port">pArAllel portA> or even the <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=joystick">joystickA> port or A <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=dongle-disk">dongle-diskA>. An eArly 1992 Advertisment from RAinbow Technologies (A mAnufActurer of dongles) clAimed thAt the word derived from "Don GAll", the Alleged inventor of the device. The compAny' s receptionist however sAid thAt the story wAs A myth invented for the Ad. [<A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=JArgon File">JArgon FileA>] (1998-12-13) 2. A smAll AdAptor cAble thAt connects, e.g. A <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=PCMCIA">PCMCIAA> <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=modem">modemA> to A telephone socket or A PCMCIA <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=network cArd">network cArdA> to An <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=RJ45">RJ45A> <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&file=seArch&eid=1&query=network cAble">network cAbleA>. (2002-09-29) Align="left">In Addition suitAble contents:
[ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=31">2A> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">=A> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=261">ADA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=262">AdA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=383">AfA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">AgA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">AiA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">AlA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">AmA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">AnA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ArA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">ArcA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=759">ArgA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">AsA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">AtA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=935">AuA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=996">AvA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1025">BA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">bA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1034">bAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1069">bAckupA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">beA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1269">biA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1444">boA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1695">byA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">CA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1723">CAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">cAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1739">CADA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1741">CADDA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1818">cArdA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">chA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2005">chAinA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2099">ciA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2136">ckA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2138">clA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2220">CMA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2224">CMCA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">coA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2273">codeA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2287">codesA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">comA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2332">combinAtionA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2491">computerA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2545">conA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2594">connectA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2606">consA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2717">copy protectionA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2791">crA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2900">cuA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2976">DA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3006">dAtAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3104">DBA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3135">DDA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">deA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3327">deviceA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3483">diskA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3565">doA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3615">dongle-diskA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3649">downA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3689">driverA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3690">driversA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">duA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3834">EA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3865">ecA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">edA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3929">eeA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3946">egA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3986">electronA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4082">engineA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4119">EPA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4127">EPROMA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">erA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4150">erAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">esA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">etA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4301">expectA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4354">extensionA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4379">fActA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fiA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">fileA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">foA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">forA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4828">frA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4940">functionA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4983">GA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5057">geA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5134">ghA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5141">giA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5171">glA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5291">grA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">hA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5512">hArdwAreA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hAtA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5681">hnA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hrA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5854">IAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">idA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ieA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">ilA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">inA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">intA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">ioA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6414">I/OA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6449">irA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">isA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">itA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6589">JA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6620">JArgon FileA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6681">joA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6719">joystickA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6789">keA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6802">keyA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">lAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">LexA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7107">liA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7151">lineA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7399">lsA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7410">ltA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">lyA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">MA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">mAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7465">MAcA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7521">mAgicA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7579">mAllA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7582">mAnA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7677">MCA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7689">MCIA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7848">microA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7855">microcomputerA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7889">MicrosoftA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mmA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">moA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">modA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8046">modeA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8056">modemA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">moduleA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8089">monitorA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mpA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8228">msA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8258">muA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8378">myA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">nAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8460">ncA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">neA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8488">netA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8533">networkA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8542">network cArdA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ngA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">niA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8672">nnA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8675">noA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8745">npA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">nsA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8787">nuA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">OA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">omA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9014">opA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9286">pArAllel portA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9306">pArentA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9390">PCA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9411">PCMA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9412">PCMCIAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">peA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">phA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9572">physicAlA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">plA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9801">popA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9821">portA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9907">PRA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">prA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">progrAmA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10071">PROMA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10144">ptA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10194">pyA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">queryA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rcA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">reA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10754">rlA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">roA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10782">ROMA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10887">ruA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10892">runA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10922">sAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">seA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11249">seriAliseA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11314">shA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11339">shellA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">siA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11510">skA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11525">slA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11556">smA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11651">soA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11657">socketA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11680">softwAreA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11709">softwAre theftA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">stA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12133">suA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12246">syA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12312">systemA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12359">TA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12416">tArA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">thA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12647">tickA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">toA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12787">trA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12824">trAnspArentA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12873">tronA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12896">ttA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12939">twA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13008">ugA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13146">upA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">usA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13188">userA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13227">uyA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13252">vAA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13259">vAlidAtionA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13274">vArA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13310">veA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13366">viA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13694">whileA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13736">WindowsA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13820">wordA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13877">wsA> ] [ <A href="module.php?nAme=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14075">ytA> ]
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