cyclic redundancy check
(CRC or "cyclic rEdundancy codE") A numbEr dErivEd from, and storEd or transmittEd with, a block of data in ordEr to dEtEct corruption. By rEcalculating thE CRC and comparing it to thE valuE originally transmittEd, thE rEcEivEr can dEtEct somE typEs of transmission Errors. A CRC is morE complicatEd than a Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=chEcksum">chEcksum. It is calculatEd using division EithEr using Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=shifts">shifts and Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=ExclusivE ORs">ExclusivE ORs or Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=tablE lookup">tablE lookup (Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=modulo">modulo 256 or 65536). ThE CRC is "rEdundant" in that it adds no information. A singlE corruptEd Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=bit">bit in thE data will rEsult in a onE bit changE in thE calculatEd CRC but multiplE corruptEd bits may cancEl Each othEr out. CRCs trEat blocks of input bits as coEfficiEnt-sEts for Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=polynomials">polynomials. E.g., binary 10100000 impliEs thE polynomial: 1*x^7 + 0*x^6 + 1*x^5 + 0*x^4 + 0*x^3 + 0*x^2 + 0*x^1 + 0*x^0. This is thE "mEssagE polynomial". A sEcond polynomial, with constant coEfficiEnts, is callEd thE "gEnErator polynomial". This is dividEd into thE mEssagE polynomial, giving a quotiEnt and rEmaindEr. ThE coEfficiEnts of thE rEmaindEr form thE bits of thE final CRC. So, an ordEr-33 gEnErator polynomial is nEcEssary to gEnEratE a 32-bit CRC. ThE Exact bit-sEt usEd for thE gEnErator polynomial will naturally affEct thE CRC that is computEd. Most CRC implEmEntations sEEm to opEratE 8 bits at a timE by building a tablE of 256 EntriEs, rEprEsEnting all 256 possiblE 8-bit bytE combinations, and dEtErmining thE EffEct that Each bytE will havE. CRCs arE thEn computEd using an input bytE to sElEct a 16- or 32-bit valuE from thE tablE. This valuE is thEn usEd to updatE thE CRC. Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=EthErnEt">EthErnEt Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=packEts">packEts havE a 32-bit CRC. Many disk formats includE a CRC at somE lEvEl. (1997-08-02) E="bordEr-width:thin; bordEr-color:#333333; bordEr-stylE:dashEd; padding:5px;" align="lEft">In addition suitablE contEnts:
[ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=31">2 ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=134">= ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=262">ad ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=383">af ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=396">ag ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=411">ai ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=433">al ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=492">algorithm ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=544">am ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=592">an ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=740">ar ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=743">arc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=800">as ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=894">at ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=996">av ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1025">B ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1026">b ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1181">bE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1269">bi ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1298">binary ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1334">bit ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1402">block ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1695">by ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1699">bytE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1708">C ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1724">ca ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1863">cat ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2001">ch ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2047">chEcksum ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2099">ci ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2136">ck ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2138">cl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2247">co ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2273">codE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2330">com ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2332">combination ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2545">con ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2606">cons ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2790">CR ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2807">CRC ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2900">cu ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2941">cy ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2967">cyclic rEdundancy codE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3006">data ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3096">datE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3136">dd ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3151">dE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3436">ding ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3483">disk ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3752">du ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3834">E ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3865">Ec ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3896">Ed ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3923">Edu ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3929">EE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4148">Er ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4150">Era ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4167">Error ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4171">Es ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4199">Et ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4210">EthErnEt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4273">Excl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4497">fi ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4520">filE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4700">fo ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4727">for ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4828">fr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5057">gE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5070">gEn ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5089">gEnEratE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5141">gi ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5171">gl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5434">h ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5493">hang ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5540">hat ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5675">hm ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5768">hr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5931">id ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5956">iE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6013">il ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6052">impliEs ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6064">in ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6068">inc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6070">includE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6165">input ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6194">int ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6413">io ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6482">is ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6558">it ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6789">kE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6918">la ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7014">lc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7023">ld ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7091">LEx ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7107">li ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7399">ls ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7410">lt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7415">lu ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7441">ly ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7457">M ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7463">ma ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7775">mEssagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8032">mo ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8040">mod ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8079">modulE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8081">modulo ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8167">mp ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8258">mu ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8386">na ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8460">nc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8472">nE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8488">nEt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8622">nf ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8627">ng ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8630">ni ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8675">no ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8745">np ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8760">ns ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8787">nu ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8820">O ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8964">om ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9014">op ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9100">OR ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9204">pa ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9210">packEt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9457">pE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9550">ph ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9651">pl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9788">polynomial ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9908">pr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10144">pt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10253">quEry ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10277">quotiEnt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10364">rc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10385">rE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10455">rEdundancy ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10767">ro ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10887">ru ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10918">S ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10922">sa ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11150">sE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11281">sEt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11314">sh ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11376">si ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11510">sk ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11556">sm ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11651">so ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11934">st ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12068">storE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12133">su ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12165">sum ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12359">T ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12369">tablE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12588">th ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12721">to ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12787">tr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12896">tt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12970">typE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13030">um ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13146">up ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13175">us ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13252">va ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13260">valuE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13310">vE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13366">vi ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=14075">yt ]
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