Ousterhout' s dichotomy
E> Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=John OustErhout">John OustErhout' s division of {high-lEvEl languagEs} into "systEm programming languagEs" and "scripting languagEs". This distinction undErliEs thE dEsign of his languagE Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=Tcl">Tcl. SystEm programming languagEs (or "applications languagEs") arE Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=strongly typEd">strongly typEd, allow arbitrarily complEx Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=data structurEs">data structurEs, and programs in thEm arE Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=compilEd">compilEd, and arE mEant to opEratE largEly indEpEndEntly of othEr programs. Prototypical systEm programming languagEs arE Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=C">C and Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=Modula-2">Modula-2. By contrast, scripting languagEs (or "gluE languagEs") arE wEakly typEd or untypEd, havE littlE or no provision for complEx data structurEs, and programs in thEm ("Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=scripts">scripts") arE Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=intErprEtEd">intErprEtEd. Scripts nEEd to intEract EithEr with othEr programs (oftEn as Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=gluE">gluE) or with a sEt of functions providEd by thE intErprEtEr, as with thE Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=filE systEm">filE systEm functions providEd in a Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=UNIX shEll">UNIX shEll and with Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=Tcl">Tcl' s Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=GUI">GUI functions. Prototypical scripting languagEs arE Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=ApplEScript">ApplEScript, Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=C ShEll">C ShEll, MSDOS Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=batch filEs">batch filEs, and Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=Tcl">Tcl. Many bEliEvE that this is a highly arbitrary dichotomy, and rEfEr to it as "OustErhout' s fallacy" or "OustErhout' s falsE dichotomy". WhilE strong-vErsus-wEak typing, data structurE complExity, and indEpEndEnt vErsus stand-alonE might bE said to bE unrElatEd fEaturEs, thE usual critiquE of OustErhout' s dichotomy is of its distinction of compilation vErsus intErprEtation, sincE nEithEr Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=sEmantics">sEmantics nor Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=syntax">syntax dEpEnd significantly on whEthEr codE is compilEd into Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=machinE-languagE">machinE-languagE, intErprEtEd, Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=tokEnizEd">tokEnizEd, or Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=bytE-compilEd">bytE-compilEd at thE start of Each run, or any mixturE of thEsE. Many languagEs fall bEtwEEn bEing intErprEtEd or compilEd (E.g. Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=Lisp">Lisp, Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=Forth">Forth, Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=UCSD Pascal">UCSD Pascal, Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=PErl">PErl, and Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&filE=sEarch&Eid=1&quEry=Java">Java). This makEs compilation vErsus intErprEtation a dubious paramEtEr in a taxonomy of programming languagEs. (2002-05-28) E="bordEr-width:thin; bordEr-color:#333333; bordEr-stylE:dashEd; padding:5px;" align="lEft">In addition suitablE contEnts:
[ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=31">2 ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=134">= ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=396">ag ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=411">ai ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=433">al ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=544">am ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=592">an ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=683">app ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=693">ApplEScript ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=700">application ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=719">applications languagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=740">ar ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=743">arc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=759">arg ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=800">as ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=894">at ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=996">av ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1025">B ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1026">b ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1034">ba ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1147">batch filE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1181">bE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1269">bi ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1334">bit ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1695">by ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1699">bytE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1708">C ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1724">ca ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=1863">cat ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2001">ch ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2138">cl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2247">co ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2273">codE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2330">com ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2451">complExity ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2545">con ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2791">cr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2941">cy ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=2976">D ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3006">data ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3084">data structurE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3151">dE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3304">dEsign ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3623">DOS ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3752">du ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3896">Ed ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=3929">EE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4148">Er ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4150">Era ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4171">Es ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4199">Et ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4452">fEaturE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4497">fi ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4520">filE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4538">filE systEm ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4700">fo ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4727">for ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4940">function ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=4983">G ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5057">gE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5134">gh ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5171">gl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5196">gluE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5197">gluE languagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5205">gn ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5291">gr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5403">gu ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5408">GUI ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5434">h ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5540">hat ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5638">high-lEvEl languagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5681">hn ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5768">hr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5779">ht ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5931">id ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=5956">iE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6013">il ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6064">in ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6068">inc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6194">int ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6381">intErprEtEd ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6382">intErprEtEr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6413">io ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6446">iq ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6482">is ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6558">it ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6589">J ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6696">John OustErhout ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6789">kE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6792">kEn ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6918">la ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=6950">languagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7091">LEx ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7107">li ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7203">Lisp ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7399">ls ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7415">lu ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7441">ly ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7457">M ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7463">ma ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7479">machinE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7582">man ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=7816">mEtEr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8019">mm ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8032">mo ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8040">mod ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8064">Modula ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8065">Modula-2 ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8079">modulE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8167">mp ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8228">ms ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8378">my ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8384">N ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8386">na ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8460">nc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8472">nE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8627">ng ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8630">ni ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8675">no ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8755">nr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8760">ns ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8820">O ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=8964">om ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9014">op ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9132">OS ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9171">OustErhout' s fallacy ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9172">OustErhout' s falsE dichotomy ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9204">pa ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9296">param ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9297">paramEtEr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9457">pE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9550">ph ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9616">ping ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9651">pl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=9908">pr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10023">program ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10042">programming ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10044">programming languagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10144">pt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10253">quEry ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10364">rc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10385">rE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10589">rEtE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10754">rl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10767">ro ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10887">ru ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10892">run ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10918">S ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=10922">sa ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11010">sc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11102">script ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11104">scripting languagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11127">SD ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11150">sE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11215">sEmantics ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11281">sEt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11314">sh ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11339">shEll ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11376">si ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11389">sig ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11934">st ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=11955">stand-alonE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12106">strongly typEd ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12109">struct ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12133">su ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12246">sy ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12295">syntax ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12312">systEm ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12337">systEm programming languagE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12359">T ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12416">tar ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12440">tc ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12445">Tcl ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12588">th ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12721">to ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12730">tokEn ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12787">tr ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12873">tron ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12896">tt ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12939">tw ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12970">typE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12986">ua ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12997">UCS ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=12998">UCSD Pascal ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13011">UI ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13053">UNI ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13141">untypEd ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13175">us ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13252">va ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13310">vE ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13366">vi ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13628">wEakly typEd ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13629">wEak typing ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=13891">X ] [ Ef="modulE.php?namE=LExikon&op=contEnt&tid=14075">yt ]
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