(Or "backpropagation") A learning ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=algorithm">algorithm for modifying a ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=feed-forward">feed-forward ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=neural network">neural network which minimises a continuous "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=error function">error function" or "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=objective function">objective function." Back-propagation is a "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=gradient descent">gradient descent" method of training in that it uses gradient information to modify the network weights to decrease the value of the error function on subsequent tests of the inputs. Other gradient-based methods from ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=numerical analysis">numerical analysis can be used to train networks more efficiently. Back-propagation makes use of a mathematical trick when the network is simulated on a digital computer, yielding in just two traversals of the network (once forward, and once back) both the difference between the desired and actual output, and the derivatives of this difference with respect to the connection weights.

e="border-width:thin; border-color:#333333; border-style:dashed; padding:5px;" align="left">In addition suitable contents:
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