standard
Standards are necessary for ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=interworking">interworking, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=portability">portability, and ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=reusability">reusability. They may be {de facto standards} for various communities, or officially recognised national or international standards. ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Andrew Tanenbaum">Andrew Tanenbaum, in his Computer Networks book, once said, "The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from", a reference to the fact that competing standards become a source of confusion, division, obsolescence, and duplication of effort instead of an enhancement to the usefulness of products. Some bodies concerned in one way or another with computing standards are ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=IAB">IAB (ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=RFC">RFC and ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=STD">STD), ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=ISO">ISO, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=ANSI">ANSI, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=DoD">DoD, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=eCMA">eCMA, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Ieee">Ieee, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=IeTF">IeTF, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=OSF">OSF, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=W3C">W3C. (1999-07-06) e="border-width:thin; border-color:#333333; border-style:dashed; padding:5px;" align="left">In addition suitable contents:
[ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=262">ad ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=614">Andrew Tanenbaum ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=639">ANS ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=641">ANSI ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">at ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=935">au ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1025">B ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">b ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1034">ba ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">be ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1269">bi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1444">bo ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1606">bs ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">C ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">ca ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1863">cat ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">ch ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2099">ci ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2220">CM ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2222">CMA ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">co ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">com ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2490">Computer ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2538">computing ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2545">con ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2976">D ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">de ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3216">de facto standard ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3369">die ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3581">DoD ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">du ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3834">e ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3865">ec ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3881">eCM ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3882">eCMA ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">ed ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4092">enhancement ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">er ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">es ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4198">eT ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">et ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4379">fact ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4432">FC ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">file ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">fo ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">for ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4828">fr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4967">fusion ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5205">gn ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">h ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hat ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5656">hing ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5854">IA ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5855">IAB ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">id ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5955">Ie ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ie ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5959">Ieee ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5978">IeTF ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">il ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">in ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">int ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6396">interworking ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6481">IS ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6508">ISO ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6822">ki ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7107">li ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">ly ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">M ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">ma ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7582">man ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mm ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">mo ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">mod ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">module ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mp ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8258">mu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8384">N ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">na ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8460">nc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">ne ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8622">nf ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ng ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">ni ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8675">no ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">ns ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8770">NSI ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">O ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">om ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9132">OS ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9144">OSF ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9821">port ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9822">portability ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10012">product ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">re ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10466">reference ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10597">reusability ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10612">RFC ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">ro ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10914">rw ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10918">S ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10922">sa ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11010">sc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">se ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11375">SI ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">si ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11650">SO ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11651">so ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11745">source ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">st ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12014">STD ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12359">T ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">th ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">to ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12939">tw ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13030">um ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13146">up ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">us ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13176">usability ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13252">va ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13274">var ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13366">vi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13553">W3 ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13554">W3C ]
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