CLUster. An ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=object-oriented">object-oriented programming language developed at ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=MIT">MIT by Liskov et al in 1974-1975. CLU is an ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=object-oriented">object-oriented language of the ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Pascal">Pascal family designed to support data abstraction, similar to ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Alphard">Alphard. It introduced the ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=iterator">iterator: a ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=coroutine">coroutine yielding the elements of a data object, to be used as the sequence of values in a ' for' loop. A CLU program consists of separately compilable procedures, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=cluster">clusters and iterators, no nesting. A cluster is a module naming an abstract type and its operations, its internal representation and implementation. Clusters and iterators may be generic. Supplying actual constant values for the parameters instantiates the ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=module">module. There are no ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=implicit type conversion">implicit type conversions. In a cluster, the explicit type conversions ' up' and ' down' change between the abstract type and the representation. There is a universal type ' any' , and a procedure force[] to check that an object is a certain type. Objects may be mutable or ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=immutable">immutable. ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=exception">exceptions are raised using ' signal' and handled with ' except' . ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Assignment">Assignment is by sharing, similar to the sharing of data objects in ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Lisp">Lisp. Arguments are passed by ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=call-by-sharing">call-by-sharing, similar to ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=call-by-value">call-by-value, except that the arguments are objects and can be changed only if they are mutable. CLU has ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=own variable">own variables and multiple assignment. See also ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Kamin' s interpreters">Kamin' s interpreters, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=clu2c">clu2c. ["CLU Reference Manual", Barbara Liskov et al, LNCS 114, Springer 1981]. e-mail: Paul R. Johnson edu>. {Versions for Sun and VAX/VMS (ftp://pion.lcs.mit.edu/pub/clu/)}. {Portable version (ftp://mintaka.lcs.mit.edu/pub/dcurtis/)}. (1994-12-16)

e="border-width:thin; border-color:#333333; border-style:dashed; padding:5px;" align="left">In addition suitable contents:
[ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=31">2 ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=135">@ ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=178">abstraction ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">ag ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=519">Alpha ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=528">Alphard ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=759">arg ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=760">argument ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">as ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=861">assignment ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">at ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=935">au ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1025">B ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">b ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1034">ba ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1109">bar ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">be ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1368">bj ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1606">bs ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1695">by ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">C ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">ca ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1768">call-by-value ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">ch ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2099">ci ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2136">ck ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2137">CL ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2138">cl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2212">clu2c ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2213">cluster ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">co ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">com ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2545">con ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2606">cons ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2900">cu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3006">data ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3007">data abstraction ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">de ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3304">design ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3436">ding ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3565">do ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3649">down ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">du ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3834">e ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3865">ec ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">ed ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3923">edu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3929">ee ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4008">element ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">er ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4150">era ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">es ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">et ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4309">explicit type conversion ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">file ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">fo ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">for ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5057">ge ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5070">gen ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5205">gn ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5291">gr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5403">gu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">h ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5488">handle ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5493">hang ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hat ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5681">hn ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">id ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ie ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">il ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6051">implicit type conversion ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">in ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6181">instantiate ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">int ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6382">interpreter ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6557">IT ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6563">iterator ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6589">J ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6760">K ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6771">Kamin' s interpreters ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">la ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6950">language ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7014">lc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7023">ld ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7107">li ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7203">Lisp ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7338">loop ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7399">ls ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7410">lt ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7415">lu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">ly ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">M ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">ma ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7540">mail ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7816">meter ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7932">mil ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7992">MIT ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mm ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">mo ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">mod ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">module ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mp ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8258">mu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8384">N ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">na ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8459">NC ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8460">nc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8466">NCS ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">ne ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ng ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">ni ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8660">nl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8675">no ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">ns ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8787">nu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">O ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8838">object ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8864">object-oriented ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">om ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9014">op ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pa ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9296">param ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9297">parameter ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9738">ply ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9740">pm ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9821">port ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9994">procedure ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">program ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10042">programming ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10044">programming language ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10144">pt ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">re ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10589">rete ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">ro ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10816">routine ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10918">S ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10922">sa ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11010">sc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">se ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11314">sh ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11324">shar ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">si ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11389">sig ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11396">signal ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11510">sk ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11651">so ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">st ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12133">su ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12170">Sun ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12206">support ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12359">T ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12369">table ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">th ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">to ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12777">tp ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12787">tr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12939">tw ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12970">type ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12986">ua ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13030">um ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13146">up ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">us ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13229">V ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13252">va ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13260">value ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13274">var ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13275">variable ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13277">VAX ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13287">VAX/VMS ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13310">ve ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13335">version ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13477">VM ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13484">VMS ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13891">X ]