object-oriented programming
(OOP) The use of a class of programming languages and techniques based on the concept of an "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=object">object" which is a data structure (ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=abstract data type">abstract data type) encapsulated with a set of routines, called "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=methods">methods", which operate on the data. Operations on the data can _only_ be performed via these methods, which are common to all objects that are instances of a particular "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=class">class". Thus the interface to objects is well defined, and allows the code implementing the methods to be changed so long as the interface remains the same. each class is a separate ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=module">module and has a position in a "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=class hierarchy">class hierarchy". Methods or code in one class can be passed down the hierarchy to a ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=subclass">subclass or inherited from a ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=superclass">superclass. This is called "ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=inheritance">inheritance". A ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=procedure">procedure call is described as invoking a method on an object (which effectively becomes the procedure' s first ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=argument">argument), and may optionally include other arguments. The method name is looked up in the object' s class to find out how to perform that operation on the given object. If the method is not defined for the object' s class, it is looked for in its superclass and so on up the class hierarchy until it is found or there is no higher superclass. OOP started with ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=SIMULA-67">SIMULA-67 around 1970 and became all-pervasive with the advent of ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=C++">C++, and later ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Java">Java. Another popular object-oriented programming language (OOPL) is ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Smalltalk">Smalltalk, a seminal example from ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Xerox">Xerox' s {Palo Alto Research Center} (PARC). Others include {Ada}, {Object Pascal}, {Objective C}, {DRAGOON}, {BeTA}, {emerald}, {POOL}, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=eiffel">eiffel, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Self">Self, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Oblog">Oblog, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=eSP">eSP, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Loops">Loops, ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=POLKA">POLKA, and ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Python">Python. Other languages, such as ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Perl">Perl and ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=VB">VB, permit, but do not enforce OOP. ef="http://iamwww.unibe.ch/~scg/OOinfo/FAQ/">FAQ . ef="http://zgdv.igd.fhg.de/papers/se/oop/">. ef="http://cuiwww.unige.ch/Chloe/OOinfo">. ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Usenet">Usenet newsgroup: ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=news:comp.object">news:comp.object. (2001-10-11) e="border-width:thin; border-color:#333333; border-style:dashed; padding:5px;" align="left">In addition suitable contents:
[ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=31">2 ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=176">abstract data type ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=262">ad ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">ag ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=742">ARC ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=759">arg ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=760">argument ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">as ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">at ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=996">av ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1025">B ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">b ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1034">ba ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1120">base ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">be ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1250">BeTA ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1368">bj ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1606">bs ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">C ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1712">C++ ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">ca ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1989">cg ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2000">Ch ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">ch ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2138">cl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2145">class ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2146">class hierarchy ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">co ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2273">code ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">com ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2545">con ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2791">cr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2900">cu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2976">D ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3006">data ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3084">data structure ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3091">data type ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">de ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3565">do ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3649">down ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3681">DRAGOON ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">du ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3834">e ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3865">ec ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">ed ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3923">edu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3965">eiffel ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4048">emerald ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">er ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4150">era ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">es ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4190">eSP ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4198">eT ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">et ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4396">FAQ ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">file ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">fo ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">for ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4828">fr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4983">G ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5049">gd ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5057">ge ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5134">gh ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5141">gi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5291">gr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5377">group ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5403">gu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">h ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5493">hang ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hat ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5629">hierarchy ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5681">hn ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5779">ht ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5791">hu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">id ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ie ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5986">iff ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">il ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">in ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6068">inc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6070">include ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6143">inheritance ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6179">instance ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">int ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6274">interface ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6446">iq ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6449">ir ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6589">J ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6760">K ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6789">ke ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6822">ki ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">la ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6950">language ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7023">ld ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7243">lk ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7244">LKA ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7410">lt ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7415">lu ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">ly ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">M ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">ma ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7579">mall ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7817">method ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7819">Methods ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mm ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">mo ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">mod ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">module ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mp ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8372">mw ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8384">N ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">na ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8460">nc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">ne ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8488">net ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8599">news ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8602">newsgroup ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8622">nf ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ng ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">ni ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8660">nl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8675">no ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">ns ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">O ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8838">object ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8864">object-oriented ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8872">object-oriented programming language ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8877">Object Pascal ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8889">Oblog ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">om ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9000">OO ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9008">OOP ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9009">OOPL ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9014">op ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9097">option ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pa ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9249">Palo Alto Research Center ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9304">PARC ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9494">perf ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9795">POOL ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9801">pop ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9994">procedure ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">program ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10042">programming ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10044">programming language ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10144">pt ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10197">Python ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10198">Q ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10256">ques ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">re ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10754">rl ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">ro ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10816">routine ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10887">ru ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10918">S ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10922">sa ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10959">sam ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11010">sc ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">se ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11207">Self ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11217">semi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11281">set ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11307">sg ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11375">SI ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">si ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11444">SIMULA ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11506">sit ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11565">Smalltalk ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11651">so ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11754">SP ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">st ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12109">struct ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12133">su ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12136">subclass ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12183">superclass ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12359">T ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12366">TA ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12393">talk ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12416">tar ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">th ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">to ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12777">tp ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12787">tr ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12896">tt ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12970">type ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12986">ua ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13030">um ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13146">up ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">us ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13184">Usenet ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13229">V ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13252">va ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13288">VB ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13310">ve ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13366">vi ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13877">ws ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13891">X ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14075">yt ] [ ef="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14160">~ ]
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