third generation computer
hitecture> A computer built with small-scale integration href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=integrated circuits">integrated circuits, designed after the mid-1960s. Third generation computers use href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=semiconductor">semiconductor memories in addition to, and later instead of, href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=ferrite core memory">ferrite core memory. The two main types of semiconductor memory are href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Read-Only Memory">Read-Only Memory (ROM) and read-and-write memories called {Random Access Memory} (RAM). A technique called href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=microprogramming">microprogramming became widespread and simplified the design of the href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=CPU">CPUs and increased their flexibility. This also made possible the development of href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=operating systems">operating systems as href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=software">software rather than as hard-wiring. A variety of techniques for improving processing efficiency were invented, such as href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=pipelining">pipelining, (parallel operation of href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=functional units">functional units processing a single instruction), and href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=multiprocessing">multiprocessing (concurrent execution of multiple programs). As the execution of a program requires that program to be in memory, the concurrent running of several programs requires that all programs be in memory simultaneously. Thus the development of techniques for concurrent processing was matched by the development of href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=memory management">memory management techniques such as href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=dynamic memory allocation">dynamic memory allocation, href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=virtual memory">virtual memory, and href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=paging">paging, as well as href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=compilers">compilers producing href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=relocatable code">relocatable code. The href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=LILLIAC IV">LILLIAC IV is an example of a third generation computer. The CTSS (href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Compatible Time-Sharing System">Compatible Time-Sharing System) was developed at href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=MIT">MIT in the early 1960s and had a considerable influence on the design of subsequent timesharing operating systems. An interesting contrasting development in this generation was the start of mass production of small low-cost "href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=minicomputers">minicomputers". In addition suitable contents:
[ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=200">Access ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=262">ad ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=383">af ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">ag ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=543">AM ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=748">architecture ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">as ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">at ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">b ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">be ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1269">bi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1606">bs ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1695">by ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">C ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">ca ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1863">cat ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1896">cc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">ch ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2099">ci ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2121">circuit ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">co ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2273">code ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">com ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2429">compiler ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2491">computer ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2545">con ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2571">concurrent processing ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2606">cons ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2725">core ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2767">CP ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2786">CPU ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2791">cr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2888">CT ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2896">CTS ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2897">CTSS ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2900">cu ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2912">current ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2941">cy ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3136">dd ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">de ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3304">design ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3324">development ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3565">do ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">du ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3865">ec ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">ed ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3946">eg ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">er ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4150">era ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">es ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">et ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4279">exec ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4286">execution ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4480">ferrite core memory ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">file ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">fo ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">for ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4940">function ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4941">functional ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4952">functional unit ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5057">ge ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5070">gen ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5090">generation ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5141">gi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5171">gl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5205">gn ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5291">gr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">h ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hat ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5664">hit ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5681">hn ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5791">hu ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5854">IA ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5919">icon ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">id ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ie ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">il ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6020">ILLIAC ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">in ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6068">inc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">int ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6201">integrated circuit ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6211">integration ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6272">interesting ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6446">iq ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6449">ir ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6557">IT ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">la ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7107">li ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7140">LILLIAC IV ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7245">LL ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7281">location ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7399">ls ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7410">lt ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7415">lu ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">ly ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">M ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">ma ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7579">mall ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7582">man ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7583">management ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7749">memory ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7754">memory management ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7773">mesh ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7848">micro ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7882">microprogramming ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7953">minicomputer ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7992">MIT ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mm ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">mo ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">mod ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">module ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mp ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8228">ms ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8258">mu ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8311">multiprocessing ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">na ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8460">nc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">ne ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8622">nf ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ng ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">ni ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8660">nl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8672">nn ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">ns ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">O ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">om ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9014">op ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9061">operating system ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pa ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9240">paging ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9624">pipe ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9631">pipelining ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9740">pm ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9995">process ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10000">processing ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10012">product ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">program ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10042">programming ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10256">ques ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10305">RAM ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">re ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10388">Read-Only Memory ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10754">rl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">ro ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10782">ROM ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10887">ru ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10892">run ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10918">S ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11010">sc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">se ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11217">semi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11220">semiconductor ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11314">sh ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11324">shar ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">si ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11389">sig ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11525">sl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11556">sm ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11651">so ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11680">software ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">st ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12109">struct ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12133">su ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12246">sy ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12312">system ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12359">T ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12369">table ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12416">tar ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12440">tc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">th ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">to ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12787">tr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12886">TS ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12939">tw ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12970">type ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12986">ua ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">us ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13229">V ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13252">va ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13274">var ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13310">ve ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13366">vi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13406">virtual ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13864">write ]
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