Ousterhout' s dichotomy
href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=John Ousterhout">John Ousterhout' s division of {high-level languages} into "system programming languages" and "scripting languages". This distinction underlies the design of his language href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Tcl">Tcl. System programming languages (or "applications languages") are href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=strongly typed">strongly typed, allow arbitrarily complex href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=data structures">data structures, and programs in them are href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=compiled">compiled, and are meant to operate largely independently of other programs. Prototypical system programming languages are href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=C">C and href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Modula-2">Modula-2. By contrast, scripting languages (or "glue languages") are weakly typed or untyped, have little or no provision for complex data structures, and programs in them ("href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=scripts">scripts") are href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=interpreted">interpreted. Scripts need to interact either with other programs (often as href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=glue">glue) or with a set of functions provided by the interpreter, as with the href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=file system">file system functions provided in a href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=UNIX shell">UNIX shell and with href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Tcl">Tcl' s href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=GUI">GUI functions. Prototypical scripting languages are href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=AppleScript">AppleScript, href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=C Shell">C Shell, MSDOS href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=batch files">batch files, and href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Tcl">Tcl. Many believe that this is a highly arbitrary dichotomy, and refer to it as "Ousterhout' s fallacy" or "Ousterhout' s false dichotomy". While strong-versus-weak typing, data structure complexity, and independent versus stand-alone might be said to be unrelated features, the usual critique of Ousterhout' s dichotomy is of its distinction of compilation versus interpretation, since neither href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=semantics">semantics nor href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=syntax">syntax depend significantly on whether code is compiled into href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=machine-language">machine-language, interpreted, href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=tokenized">tokenized, or href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=byte-compiled">byte-compiled at the start of each run, or any mixture of these. Many languages fall between being interpreted or compiled (e.g. href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Lisp">Lisp, href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Forth">Forth, href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=UCSD Pascal">UCSD Pascal, href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Perl">Perl, and href="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Java">Java). This makes compilation versus interpretation a dubious parameter in a taxonomy of programming languages. (2002-05-28) In addition suitable contents:
[ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=31">2 ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">ag ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=683">app ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=693">AppleScript ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=700">application ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=719">applications language ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=759">arg ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">as ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">at ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=996">av ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1025">B ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">b ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1034">ba ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1147">batch file ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">be ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1269">bi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1334">bit ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1695">by ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1699">byte ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">C ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">ca ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1863">cat ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">ch ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2138">cl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">co ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2273">code ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">com ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2451">complexity ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2545">con ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2791">cr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2941">cy ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2976">D ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3006">data ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3084">data structure ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">de ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3304">design ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3623">DOS ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">du ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">ed ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3929">ee ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">er ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4150">era ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">es ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">et ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4452">feature ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">file ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4538">file system ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">fo ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">for ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4940">function ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4983">G ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5057">ge ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5134">gh ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5171">gl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5196">glue ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5197">glue language ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5205">gn ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5291">gr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5403">gu ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5408">GUI ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">h ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hat ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5638">high-level language ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5681">hn ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5779">ht ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">id ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ie ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">il ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">in ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6068">inc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">int ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6381">interpreted ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6382">interpreter ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6446">iq ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6589">J ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6696">John Ousterhout ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6789">ke ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6792">ken ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">la ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6950">language ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7107">li ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7203">Lisp ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7399">ls ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7415">lu ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">ly ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">M ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">ma ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7479">machine ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7582">man ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7816">meter ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mm ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">mo ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">mod ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8064">Modula ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8065">Modula-2 ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">module ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mp ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8228">ms ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8378">my ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8384">N ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">na ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8460">nc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">ne ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ng ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">ni ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8675">no ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8755">nr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">ns ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">O ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">om ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9014">op ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9132">OS ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9171">Ousterhout' s fallacy ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9172">Ousterhout' s false dichotomy ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pa ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9296">param ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9297">parameter ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9616">ping ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">program ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10042">programming ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10044">programming language ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10144">pt ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">re ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10589">rete ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10754">rl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">ro ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10887">ru ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10892">run ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10918">S ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10922">sa ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11010">sc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11102">script ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11104">scripting language ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11127">SD ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">se ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11215">semantics ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11281">set ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11314">sh ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11339">shell ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">si ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11389">sig ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">st ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11955">stand-alone ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12106">strongly typed ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12109">struct ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12133">su ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12246">sy ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12295">syntax ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12312">system ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12337">system programming language ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12359">T ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12416">tar ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12440">tc ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12445">Tcl ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">th ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">to ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12730">token ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12787">tr ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12873">tron ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12896">tt ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12939">tw ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12970">type ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12986">ua ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12997">UCS ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12998">UCSD Pascal ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13011">UI ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13053">UNI ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13141">untyped ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">us ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13252">va ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13310">ve ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13366">vi ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13628">weakly typed ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13629">weak typing ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13891">X ] [ href="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14075">yt ]
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