CLUster. An ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=object-oriented">object-oriented programming language developed at ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=MIT">MIT by Liskov et al in 1974-1975. CLU is an ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=object-oriented">object-oriented language of the ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Pascal">Pascal family designed to support data abstraction, similar to ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Alphard">Alphard. It introduced the ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=iterator">iterator: a ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=coroutine">coroutine yielding the elements of a data object, to be used as the sequence of values in a ' for' loop. A CLU program consists of separately compilable procedures, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=cluster">clusters and iterators, no nesting. A cluster is a module naming an abstract type and its operations, its internal representation and implementation. Clusters and iterators may be generic. Supplying actual constant values for the parameters instantiates the ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=module">module. There are no ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=implicit type conversion">implicit type conversions. In a cluster, the explicit type conversions ' up' and ' down' change between the abstract type and the representation. There is a universal type ' any' , and a procedure force[] to check that an object is a certain type. Objects may be mutable or ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=immutable">immutable. ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Exception">Exceptions are raised using ' signal' and handled with ' except' . ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Assignment">Assignment is by sharing, similar to the sharing of data objects in ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Lisp">Lisp. Arguments are passed by ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=call-by-sharing">call-by-sharing, similar to ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=call-by-value">call-by-value, except that the arguments are objects and can be changed only if they are mutable. CLU has ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=own variable">own variables and multiple assignment. See also ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Kamin' s interpreters">Kamin' s interpreters, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=clu2c">clu2c. ["CLU reference Manual", Barbara Liskov et al, LNCS 114, Springer 1981]. E-mail: Paul R. Johnson . {Versions for Sun and VAX/VMS (ftp://pion.lcs.mit.edu/pub/clu/)}. {Portable version (ftp://mintaka.lcs.mit.edu/pub/dcurtis/)}. (1994-12-16)

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[ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=31">2 ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=135">@ ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=178">abstraction ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">ag ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=519">Alpha ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=528">Alphard ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=759">arg ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=760">argument ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">as ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=861">assignment ] [ 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ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6382">interpreter ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6557">IT ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6563">iterator ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6589">J ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6760">K ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6771">Kamin' s interpreters ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">la ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6950">language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7014">lc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7023">ld ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7107">li ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7203">Lisp ] [ 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ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pa ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9296">param ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9297">parameter ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9738">ply ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9740">pm ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9821">port ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9994">procedure ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">program ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10042">programming ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10044">programming language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10144">pt ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ 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