COmmon Business Oriented Language
/koh' bol/ (COBOL) A programming language for simple computations on large amounts of data, designed by the ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=CODASYL">CODASYL Committee in April 1960. COBOL' s {natural language} style is intended to be largely self-documenting. It introduced the ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=record">record structure. COBOL was probably the most widely used programming language during the 1960s and 1970s. Many of the major programs that required repair or replacement due to ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Year 2000">Year 2000 {software rot} issues were originally written in COBOL, and this was responsible for a short-lived demand for programmers fluent in this "dead language". Even in 2002 though, new COBOL programs are still being written in some organisations and many old COBOL programs are still running in ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=dinosaur">dinosaur shops. Major revisions in 1968 (ANS X3.23-1968), 1974 (ANS X3.23-1974) and 1985. Many ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=hackers">hackers regard COBOL with ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=fear and loathing">fear and loathing for being an ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=evil">evil, weak, verbose, and flabby language used by {card wallopers} to do boring mindless things on {dinosaur} ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=mainframes">mainframes. Many believe that all COBOL programmers are ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=suits">suits or ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=code grinders">code grinders, and would deny all knowledge of the language. ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Usenet">Usenet newsgroup: ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=news:comp.lang.cobol">news:comp.lang.cobol. ["Initial Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language" DoD, US GPO, Apr 1960]. (2002-02-21) In addition suitable contents:
[ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=31">2 ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=262">ad ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">ag ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=639">ANS ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=759">arg ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=799">AS ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">as ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">at ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=935">au ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1025">B ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">b ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1034">ba ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1159">bb ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">be ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1444">bo ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1672">bus ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1695">by ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">C ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">ca ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1818">card ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1824">card walloper ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1863">cat ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">ch ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2099">ci ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2136">ck ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">co ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2257">COBOL ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2270">CODASYL ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2273">code ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2282">code grinder ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">com ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2900">cu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2976">D ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3001">DAS ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3006">data ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">de ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3155">dead ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3304">design ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3441">dinosaur ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3565">do ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3568">doc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3573">document ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3581">DoD ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">du ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3834">E ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3865">ec ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">ed ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3929">ee ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3946">eg ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">er ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">es ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">et ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4253">evil ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4450">fear and loathing ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fi ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">file ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">fo ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">for ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4828">fr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4837">frame ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4983">G ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4989">ga ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5057">ge ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5134">gh ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5141">gi ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5205">gn ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5279">GP ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5291">gr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5367">grind ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5377">group ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5390">gs ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5403">gu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">h ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5438">hack ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5443">hacker ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hat ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5656">hing ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5709">hop ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">id ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ie ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">il ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">in ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">int ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6449">ir ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6681">jo ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6789">ke ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6861">kn ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6867">knowledge ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">la ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6950">language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7023">ld ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7107">li ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7415">lu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">ly ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">M ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">ma ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7560">mainframe ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7582">man ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mm ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">mo ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">mod ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">module ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8146">mount ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mp ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8228">ms ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8384">N ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">na ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8446">natural language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">ne ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8488">net ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8599">news ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8602">newsgroup ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8622">nf ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ng ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">ni ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8672">nn ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8675">no ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">ns ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">O ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8917">ODA ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">om ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9014">op ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9120">org ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pa ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">program ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10036">programmer ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10042">programming ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10044">programming language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">re ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10425">record ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10605">revision ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">ro ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10887">ru ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10892">run ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10918">S ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10922">sa ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">se ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11307">sg ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11314">sh ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">si ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11389">sig ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11651">so ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11680">software ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11708">software rot ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11789">Spec ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">st ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12109">struct ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12133">su ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12162">suit ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12479">tee ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">th ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">to ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12787">tr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12896">tt ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12939">tw ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12986">ua ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13008">ug ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13030">um ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13146">up ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13174">US ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">us ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13184">Usenet ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13310">ve ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13366">vi ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13570">wall ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13877">ws ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13891">X ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14024">Y ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14043">Year 2000 ]
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