object-oriented programming
(OOP) The use of a class of programming languages and techniques based on the concept of an "ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=object">object" which is a data structure (ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=abstract data type">abstract data type) encapsulated with a set of routines, called "ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=methods">methods", which operate on the data. Operations on the data can _only_ be performed via these methods, which are common to all objects that are instances of a particular "ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=class">class". Thus the interface to objects is well defined, and allows the code implementing the methods to be changed so long as the interface remains the same. Each class is a separate ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=module">module and has a position in a "ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=class hierarchy">class hierarchy". Methods or code in one class can be passed down the hierarchy to a ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=subclass">subclass or inherited from a ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=superclass">superclass. This is called "ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=inheritance">inheritance". A ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=procedure">procedure call is described as invoking a method on an object (which effectively becomes the procedure' s first ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=argument">argument), and may optionally include other arguments. The method name is looked up in the object' s class to find out how to perform that operation on the given object. If the method is not defined for the object' s class, it is looked for in its superclass and so on up the class hierarchy until it is found or there is no higher superclass. OOP started with ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=SIMULA-67">SIMULA-67 around 1970 and became all-pervasive with the advent of ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=C++">C++, and later ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Java">Java. Another popular object-oriented programming language (OOPL) is ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Smalltalk">Smalltalk, a seminal example from ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Xerox">Xerox' s {Palo Alto Research Center} (PARC). Others include {Ada}, {Object Pascal}, {Objective C}, {DRAGOON}, {BETA}, {Emerald}, {POOL}, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Eiffel">Eiffel, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Self">Self, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Oblog">Oblog, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=ESP">ESP, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Loops">Loops, ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=POLKA">POLKA, and ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Python">Python. Other languages, such as ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Perl">Perl and ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=VB">VB, permit, but do not enforce OOP. ref="http://iamwww.unibe.ch/~scg/OOinfo/FAQ/">FAQ . ref="http://zgdv.igd.fhg.de/papers/se/oop/">. ref="http://cuiwww.unige.ch/Chloe/OOinfo">. ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=Usenet">Usenet newsgroup: ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&file=search&eid=1&query=news:comp.object">news:comp.object. (2001-10-11) In addition suitable contents:
[ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=31">2 ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=134">= ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=176">abstract data type ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=262">ad ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=396">ag ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=411">ai ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=433">al ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=544">am ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=592">an ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=740">ar ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=742">ARC ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=743">arc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=759">arg ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=760">argument ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=800">as ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=894">at ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=996">av ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1025">B ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1026">b ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1034">ba ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1120">base ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1181">be ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1250">BETA ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1368">bj ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1606">bs ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1708">C ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1712">C++ ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1724">ca ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=1989">cg ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2000">Ch ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2001">ch ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2138">cl ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2145">class ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2146">class hierarchy ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2247">co ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2273">code ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2330">com ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2545">con ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2791">cr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2900">cu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=2976">D ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3006">data ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3084">data structure ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3091">data type ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3151">de ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3565">do ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3649">down ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3681">DRAGOON ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3752">du ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3834">E ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3865">ec ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3896">ed ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3923">edu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=3965">Eiffel ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4048">Emerald ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4148">er ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4150">era ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4171">es ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4190">ESP ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4198">ET ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4199">et ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4396">FAQ ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4497">fi ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4520">file ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4700">fo ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4727">for ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4828">fr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=4983">G ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5049">gd ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5057">ge ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5134">gh ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5141">gi ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5291">gr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5377">group ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5403">gu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5434">h ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5493">hang ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5540">hat ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5629">hierarchy ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5681">hn ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5768">hr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5779">ht ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5791">hu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5931">id ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5956">ie ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=5986">iff ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6013">il ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6064">in ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6068">inc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6070">include ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6143">inheritance ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6179">instance ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6194">int ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6274">interface ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6413">io ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6446">iq ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6449">ir ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6482">is ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6558">it ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6589">J ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6760">K ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6789">ke ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6822">ki ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6918">la ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=6950">language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7023">ld ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7091">Lex ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7243">lk ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7244">LKA ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7410">lt ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7415">lu ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7441">ly ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7457">M ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7463">ma ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7579">mall ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7817">method ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=7819">Methods ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8019">mm ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8032">mo ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8040">mod ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8079">module ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8167">mp ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8372">mw ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8384">N ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8386">na ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8460">nc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8472">ne ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8488">net ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8599">news ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8602">newsgroup ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8622">nf ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8627">ng ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8630">ni ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8660">nl ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8675">no ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8760">ns ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8820">O ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8838">object ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8864">object-oriented ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8872">object-oriented programming language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8877">Object Pascal ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8889">Oblog ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=8964">om ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9000">OO ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9008">OOP ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9009">OOPL ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9014">op ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9097">option ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9204">pa ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9249">Palo Alto Research Center ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9304">PARC ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9457">pe ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9494">perf ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9550">ph ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9651">pl ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9795">POOL ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9801">pop ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9908">pr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=9994">procedure ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10023">program ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10042">programming ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10044">programming language ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10144">pt ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10197">Python ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10198">Q ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10253">query ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10256">ques ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10364">rc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10385">re ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10754">rl ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10767">ro ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10816">routine ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10887">ru ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10918">S ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10922">sa ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=10959">sam ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11010">sc ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11150">se ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11207">Self ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11217">semi ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11281">set ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11307">sg ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11375">SI ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11376">si ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11444">SIMULA ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11506">sit ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11565">Smalltalk ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11651">so ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11754">SP ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=11934">st ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12109">struct ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12133">su ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12136">subclass ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12183">superclass ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12359">T ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12366">TA ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12393">talk ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12416">tar ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12588">th ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12721">to ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12777">tp ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12787">tr ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12896">tt ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12970">type ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=12986">ua ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13030">um ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13146">up ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13175">us ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13184">Usenet ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13229">V ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13252">va ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13288">VB ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13310">ve ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13366">vi ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13877">ws ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=13891">X ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14075">yt ] [ ref="module.php?name=Lexikon&op=content&tid=14160">~ ]
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